Andrada: September 2012

Fascism in Italy

Fascism-A autorythie system of goverment.Bases in strong emphasis of Nationalism,Implemented Dictatorship,Election Aboloshed,Use of propaganda.
Dictatorship-A country governed by a dictator.
The reason of why Fascism become popular.
1.Econimical Problems-After the WW1,Italy suffer a lot of economical problems and a lot of unemployments.
2.Treaty of Versailler-After the Treaty of Versilles,Italy was very upsed because they din't get the lan that Britain primise in the join the war, in the Treaty of London in 1915.
3.Fear of comunism-The Italyan people and the Italyan Churc were very afraid of the comunism, and they decide to support Mussolini and the fascism.
4.Week Goverment-Between the yyears 1919-1921 in Italy wewre 5 goverments, but none of them resist to much so the Italiens lost faith in democracy.
About Mussolini:Mussolini was a journalis, a techer and a soldat in the ww1.He was a Socialist and then he cange to be a fascism.Because of that he knew how to talk and how to manipulate the people to suport his party.He want's to make Italy brave and strong.He promise to bring order, and he criticised the week Italian governments and he said that only a strong rule-a dictator- could solve Italy's problems.He use the image of the Rome Empire for his plans.
In 1921,the Fascists won 35 seats int he parlament.In 1922 he had 300.000 members in his party.
The March on Rome:In October 1922, Mussolini demand to be Prime Minister.In Octuber 23,the actual Prime Minister Luigi Facta asked the King Victor Emmanuell III, to call the army and fisnih with that march,but he didn't do that because he was scared that he could lost his trone to his cousin.Mussolini stays at the border of the town, in case that something went rong he could escape.The King invite him to Rome and named him Prime Minister.Mussolini joint the March in Rome.
Establishing a Dictatorshyp:In 1923,the Acerbo Low, that says, that if a party has more then 25%of the vote, they get 2/3 of th seats in parliament.Mussolini use the violince to be sure that he will win.The Blackshirts murder Matteotti, adn all the other paryes left parlament because they hope that the king will do something with Mussolini, but nothing happen, so Mussolini has the control of the Parlament.This is knoe as Aventine Secession.Mussolini established rule by decree,which allows him to make a low without having to have the the king or the parliment permision.The prence and the radio were censorship.The secret police(estabeshid in 1926) were use to crush opposition.Mussolini called himseld Il Duche (The Leader).
Propaganda:The propaganda was conctroled by Mussolini, and was use to gloryfe the Fascism.He use the slogan "Mussolini si always right" .He controled the education as well.He create the youth organisations where the boy where learnign how to use a arm and the girs how to be housewomans.The text books were changed to glorify Mussolini. + He destroy the Mafia.Over 10.000 suspect were arrested.
The Corporate state:Was create to eliminate the conflict between employers and workers.All have to work for common goods.Every proffesion and every industry has its own corporate body.
Economic Policies:Mussolini start to build autostradas, to reduce the umployment.Mussolini reclaimed the Pontine Marshes near Rome,wich provide more land and help to prevent malaria.He promoted the Battel of Grain(to boost cereal production to make Italy self-sufficient in grain,to reduce the balance of trade deficit,to lower the necessity for foreign imports of bread,to show Italy as a major force).He promoted the Battle og Birth where encourge to all single man to get marry and don't pay to many taxes because Italy need population.
Foreing Policy: ItalyI save Austria for the invassion of Germany, and Mussolini was saw like a hero.Italy,France and Britan reunited to dsscus the Germany intennsion and disscus how to stop that.In 1935 Mussolini invate Abyssinia for a number of reason,he need land,because he wants Italy to gaing glory and prestige by building up and oversease empire,for regenge because Abyssinia beat Italy in 1896.The League of Nation apply some limited sanctions,but were unsuccesful.Britan and France left Mussolini alon, and he allied with Hitler.
Rome-Berlin Axies: In 1936 Mussolini's cousin sing a treat with Germany.That was a frindship treat.In 1936 they sing a pact,The Pact of Steal,that means, if Germany tomorrow start a war,Italy has to support them and vice and verca.But Italy did't know tha Hitler was thinking to start o war so soon.In 1937 Itlay,Germany and Japon sing the Anti Comunism pact.When the war start,Italy ask a list o things to Hitler that he need if he wnat to go to war.Hitler did't gave nothing to Mussolin,so Italy becoume neutral until 1940.Itlay was't so good at war,and they need the help of germay all the time.
Mussolini and the catholic Church: At the start the Christian Church in Italy and Germany were not to alarmated at the rise of Fascism.Instend many Church leaders view the Fascism state as an important defence again the spread of Communism from the Eas.
Roman Question:The Chursh had lost a lot of territory during the process of Italian uniffication.After the campture of Rome that completed this proccesin 1870 the Pope had called himself "the prison fo the Vatican" and called all the Catholics not to vote in Italian election.
The Lateran Pact 1929: The pacts consisted of two documents, with four annexes(A political treaty recognising the full sovereignty of the Holy See in the State of Vatican City, which was thereby established, a document accompanied by the annexes:,A plan of the territory of the Vatican City State,A list and plans of the buildings with extraterritorial privilege and exemption from expropriation and taxes,A list and plans of the buildings with exemption from expropriation and taxes,A financial convention agreed on as a definitive settlement of the claims of the Holy See following the loss of its territories and property,A concordat regulating relations between the Catholic Church and the Italian state)